Textile Organic Dyes – Characteristics, Polluting Effects and Separation/Elimination Procedures from Industrial Effluents – A Critical Overview

By Zaharia Carmen, Suteu Daniela. 2012

603 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The residual dyes from different sources (e.g., textile industries, paper and pulp industries, dye and dye intermediates industries, pharmaceutical industries, tannery, and Kraft bleaching industries, etc.) are considered a wide variety of organic pollutants introduced into the natural water resources or wastewater treatment systems. One of the main sources with severe pollution problems worldwide is the textile industry and its dye-containing wastewaters (i.e. 10,000 different textile dyes with an estimated annual production of 7.105 metric tonnes are commercially available worldwide; 30% of these dyes are used in excess of 1,000 tonnes per annum, and 90% of the textile products are used at the level of 100 tonnes per annum or less) (Baban et al., 2010; Robinson et al., 2001; Soloman et al., 2009). 10-25% of textile dyes are lost during the dyeing process, and 2-20% are directly discharged as aqueous effluents in different environmental components. In particular, the discharge of dye-containing effluents into the water environment is undesirable, not only because of their colour, but also because many of dyes released and their breakdown products are toxic, carcinogenic or mutagenic to life forms mainly because of carcinogens, such as benzidine, naphthalene and other aromatic compounds (Suteu et al., 2009; Zaharia et al., 2009). Without adequate treatment these dyes can remain in the environment for a long period of time. For instance, the half-life of hydrolysed Reactive Blue 19 is about 46 years at pH 7 and 25°C (Hao et al., 2000). In addition to the aforementioned problems, the textile industry consumes large amounts of potable and industrial water (Tables 1, 2 and Fig. 1) as processing water (90-94%) and a relatively low percentage as cooling water (6-10%) (in comparison with the chemical industry where only 20% is used as process water and the rest for cooling). The recycling of treated wastewater has been recommended due to the high levels of contamination in dyeing and finishing processes (i.e. dyes and their breakdown products, pigments, dye intermediates, auxiliary chemicals and heavy metals, etc.) (Tables 3, 4 and 5) (adapted from Bertea A. and Bertea A.P., 2008; Bisschops and Spanjers, 2003; Correia et al., 1994; Orhon et al., 2001).

Subfields: Plant Science, Water Science and Technology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f22645d9a091a731fbdd1679b43facd0cf95d87

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Citations in the corpus

Biological methods for textile dye removal from wastewater: A review (2017, methodology): “0, can persist in polluted waters for years.([18]) Advanced physico-chemical methods, integrating with biological methods, have been investigated by Logrono et al.”
A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater (2020, background): “Existence of an amino group causes high water solubility and high mobility in comparison with hydrocarbons, high boiling point and a lower Henry’s law constant [42].”
Phytoremediation: Potential flora for synthetic dyestuff metabolism (2016, neutral): “(Carmen and Daniela, 2012; Singh et al., 2012).”
Bio-Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Galactomyces geotrichum KL20A (2019, background): “Due to their high solubility in water, they cause contamination in local aquatic systems when they are discharged directly without prior treatment [1].”
Photocatalytic Applications of Metal Oxides for Sustainable Environmental Remediation (2021, background): “Many azo dyes are found to cause DNA damage leading to the formation of malignant tumors [8].”
Impact of textile dyes on health and ecosystem: a review of structure, causes, and potential solutions (2022, methodology): “The current density and length of the reaction have a significant impact on the current density and reaction time, making this treatment efficient for color and COD removal even at high pH. Colorless, translucent, and odorless water is formed as a result of this technique (Carmen and Daniel 2012).”
Degradation of hazardous organic dyes in water by nanomaterials (2017, background): “The contaminated water also has an increased biological oxygen demand (Carmen and Daniela 2012).”