A fish kill of massive proportion in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf, 2001: the roles of bacterial disease, harmful algae, and eutrophication.

By P. Glibert, J. Landsberg, J. J. Evans, M. Al-Sarawi, Muna Faraj, M. al-Jarallah, A. Haywood, S. Ibrahem, P. Klesius, C. L. Powell and 1 more. 2002

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Advancing the Science and Practice of Fish Kill Investigations (2011, background): “Comprehensive interdisciplinary investigations of fish kills are uncommon (but see work on harmful algae; e.g., Glibert et al., 2002), but such an approach is needed to truly identify and understand the complexity of fish kills.”
Non-infectious gill disorders of marine salmonid fish (2011, background): “Coastal eutrophication encourages the production of phyto-plankton and ultimately leads to phyto and zooplankton blooms (Glibert et al. 2002; Anderson et al. 2008; Richardson et al. 2009).”
Biology, ecology and bloom dynamics of the toxic marine dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense (2012, background): “It is now known however that there are at least two locations where the two varieties co-occur, namely in the Arabian Gulf (Glibert et al., 2002) and the Pacific coast of Mexico (Garate- Lizarraga and Gonzalez-Armas, 2011).”
Mixotrophy, a major mode of nutrition for harmful algal species in eutrophic waters (2008, background): “Gymnodinium impudicum Blooms in eutrophic waters (Vila et al., 2001, as Gyrodinium impudicum; Glibert et al., 2002) +Phagotrophy (cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae)”
The Gulf: a young sea in decline. (2010, background): “Toxins produced by the algae may also lead to fish kills, and can accumulate in shellfish (e.g. paralytic shellfish toxins; Glibert et al., 2002) with the potential to poison consumers.”