Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment.

By L. S. Gross, Li Li, Earl S. Ford, Simin Liu. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004

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Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. (2005, background): “Trends promoting obesity include increases in total calories, portion sizes, refined carbohydrates, and fast food intake.(18,39-41,44,45) Healthy trends include decreases in the proportion of dietary saturated fat; increases in fruits, vegetables, and the proportion of polyunsaturated and monounsatu”
Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base. (2015, neutral): “The inset to the Figure 2 reveals the rise, during this period, of the incidence of type 2 diabetes to its current near epidemic proportions [17].”
Western Diet Consumption and Cognitive Impairment: Links to Hippocampal Dysfunction and Obesity (2010, background): “strongly to the development of insulin resistance in humans [60].”
Pathogenesis of Gout (2005, background): “Fructose has also been implicated in the risk for the insulin resistance syndrome and obesity, which are closely associated with gout (51, 52).”
Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (2008, background): “Soft drink consumption has recently been linked with increased risk for weight gain [7,8], type-2 diabetes [8,9] and other features of the metabolic syndrome [10].”