Synthetic organo- and polymer- clays : preparation, characterization, and materials applications.

By K. Carrado. 2000

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New ways to enhance the functionality of paperboard by surface treatment – a review (2008, background): “to increase the strength and toughness of the material.(180) Other issues are to enhance the optical, thermal or barrier properties.”
Recent progress in dispersion of palygorskite crystal bundles for nanocomposites (2016, methodology): “…extrusion, ultrasonication, and high-speed shearing) or chemical modification (i.e., acid treatment, salt treatment, and organification) methods have been investigated (Carrado, 2000; Liu, 2007; Darvishi and Morsali, 2011; Liu et al., 2012; R.N. Oliveira, et al., 2013; Boudriche et al., 2014).”
Natural Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Films for Packaging Applications (2007, background): “…and application are available (Sinha Ray and Bousmina, 2005; Pandey et al., 2005; Sinha Ray and Okamoto, 2003a; Sinha Ray and Biswas, 2001; Alexandre and Dubois, 2000; Carrado, 2000; Fischer et al., 2000; Giannelis et al., 1999; LeBaron et al., 1999; Giannelis, 1998, Ogawa and Kuroda, 1997).”
Bio-Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications (2013, background): “There are 3 types of possible polymer–clay formations, namely (1) tactoid, (2) intercalated, and (3) exfoliated [34,47].”