Shifts in Economic Geography and their Causes

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Globalisation: Countries, Cities and Multinationals (2009, background): “Even more recently, since 1990, the opening up of the transition economies has brought some 260 million new workers, China some 760 million new workers, and India another 440 million new workers, into the global labour market (Venables 2006).”
Agglomeration, clusters, and industrial policy (2013, background): “…clustering process is characterized by feedback loops, so that existing agglomerations often have first-mover advantage (Krugman and Obstfeld, 2003); however, technological change and sectoral differences also tend to produce ‘production jumps’ from higher-to lower-cost regions (Venables, 2006).”
What Segments Equity Markets (2011, unknown): “…and Kortum (2002)), we expect industry valuations to be the same across countries unless entry or exit barriers exist, as factor prices for the immobile factors will adjust to the spatial variation in productivity such that capital is indifferent between different locations (see Venables (2006)).”