Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode

By E. Bromet, L. Andrade, I. Hwang, N. Sampson, Jordi Alonso, G. de Girolamo, R. de Graaf, K. Demyttenaere, Chi-yi Hu, N. Iwata and 12 more. BMC Medicine, 2011

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BackgroundMajor depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet epidemiologic data are not available for many countries, particularly low- to middle-income countries. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, impairment and demographic correlates of depression from 18 high and low- to middle-income countries in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.MethodsMajor depressive episodes (MDE) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DMS-IV) were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Data from 18 countries were analyzed in this report (n = 89,037). All countries surveyed representative, population-based samples of adults.ResultsThe average lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV MDE were 14.6% and 5.5% in the ten high-income and 11.1% and 5.9% in the eight low- to middle-income countries. The average age of onset ascertained retrospectively was 25.7 in the high-income and 24.0 in low- to middle-income countries. Functional impairment was associated with recency of MDE. The female: male ratio was about 2:1. In high-income countries, younger age was associated with higher 12-month prevalence; by contrast, in several low- to middle-income countries, older age was associated with greater likelihood of MDE. The strongest demographic correlate in high-income countries was being separated from a partner, and in low- to middle-income countries, was being divorced or widowed.ConclusionsMDE is a significant public-health concern across all regions of the world and is strongly linked to social conditions. Future research is needed to investigate the combination of demographic risk factors that are most strongly associated with MDE in the specific countries included in the WMH.

Subfields: Applied Psychology, Pharmacology, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c9e55cd3b3175f1041f64cc6f48cc84bf355a58

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Citations in the corpus

Genome-wide association studies in ancestrally diverse populations: opportunities, methods, pitfalls, and recommendations. (2019, background): “, 2002), individuals may differ culturally in terms of the level of symptomatology reached prior to seeking help (Bromet et al., 2011; Simon et al., 2002).”
The epidemiology of depression across cultures (2013, background): “A closer look at socio-demographic correlates of MDE in the WMH surveys illustrates these general patterns (16).”
Gender Differences in Depression in Representative National Samples: Meta-Analyses of Diagnoses and Symptoms (2017, neutral): “Study d Country NM NF Measure Year Age Sample E F Aalto et al. (2012)a .27 Finland 326 371 BDI 2001 30–34 Health 2000 2 Aalto et al. (2012)a .29 Finland 353 388 BDI 2001 35–39 Health 2000 2 Aalto et al. (2012)a .14 Finland 341 381 BDI 2001 40–44 Health 2000 2 Aalto et al. (2012)a .10 Finland 379 435”
Screening for Depression in the General Population with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D): A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis (2016, positive): “Considering a maximum value of 10% for the12-month prevalence of depression in the general population [4], the observed LRs for the CES-D would represent a post-test probability in the range of 21% to 35% [64], while it would be substantially larger for the PHQ-9 (53%).”
Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis. (2016, background): “Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder (Kessler et al., 2005; Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005), with a lifetime prevalence of 6–15% (Bromet et al., 2011).”
Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology across Cultures: A Comparison between Six European Countries (2016, background): “Looking at recent literature, these countries do not seem to have higher prevalence rates of depression when compared to northern European countries (Bromet et al., 2011).”
What Predicts Positive Life Events that Influence the Course of Depression? A Longitudinal Examination of Gratitude and Meaning in Life (2017, background): “Across 18 countries, the respective lifetime and yearly prevalence rates of major depressive disorder are 14.6 and 5.5 % in high-income countries, and 11.1 and 5.9 % in low- to middle-income countries (Bromet et al. 2011).”
Why is depression more common among women than among men? (2017, background): “…prevalence WMHS: Seedat et al10 Worldwide ·· 73 000 DSM-IV major depressive disorder 1·9 WMHS: Seedat et al10 Worldwide ·· 73 000 DSM-IV dysthymia 1·9 WMHS: Bromet et al11 (89 000 participants worldwide) High-income countries ≥18 .. DSM-IV major depressive disorder 1·8 WMHS: Bromet et al11 (89 000…”