Superhydrophobic surfaces: From the lotus leaf to the submarine

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Superhydrophobic surfaces: a review on fundamentals, applications, and challenges (2018, background): “Thus, it is critical to maintain the air pockets in underwater applications.(154) 6 Antibiofouling Biological fouling, often called biofouling, is the accumulation of the biological matters on a solid surface.”
Biotribology: Recent progresses and future perspectives (2015, unknown): “To date, more studies appear to be directed toward the development for bionic design and fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces for civil and military applications [268,269].”
Manufacturing textured surfaces: State of art and recent developments (2015, background): “The most common example is the lotus leaves effect, artificially reproduced trough nanoand microstructures leading to a change in adherence properties of liquid–solid contacts and finding its application in self-cleaning, oil-water separation, and anti-fouling surfaces.(22) The strong adhesion force”
Transition from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic state of laser textured stainless steel surface and its effect on corrosion resistance (2017, background): “extreme water repellency [3,4], self-healing [5], self-cleaning [6], reduced drag in laminar and turbulent flows [7,8], enhanced heat transfer [9,10] and improved corrosion resistance [11–17].”