Mechanics and Prediction of Turbulent Drag Reduction with Polymer Additives

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Perspectives on viscoelastic flow instabilities and elastic turbulence (2021, background): “Next, we return to the issue of the maximum drag reduction phenomenon (MDR).”
Instabilities in Viscosity-Stratified Flow (2014, background): “Much has been written about this intriguing phenomenon insofar as turbulent flow is concerned, including several review articles (Lumley 1973, Procaccia & L’vov 2008, White & Mungal 2008).”
Direct numerical simulation of spatially developing turbulent boundary layers with uniform blowing or suction (2011, background): “These studies have recently been reviewed, e.g. by Kim (2003) on feedback control schemes, Kim & Bewley (2007) on linear control theory, Kasagi, Suzuki & Fukagata (2009) on hardware and practical control schemes and White & Mungal (2008) for friction drag reduction by polymer additives.”
The lift-up effect : The linear mechanism behind transition and turbulence in shear flows (2014, background): “Among those, we will focus on dilute polymer suspensions that have been extensively studied due to the reduced drag in the turbulent regime [104].”
Bubbly and Buoyant Particle–Laden Turbulent Flows (2020, background): “This touches the familiar territory of polymer drag reduction (Benzi and Ching 2018; Procaccia et al. 2008; White and Mungal 2008), and indicates 20 Mathai et al. Bubbles and Buoyant Particles in Turbulence interesting similarities in DR mechanisms where elastic properties of the dispersed phase…”