Using the coronary artery calcium score to predict coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

By M. Pletcher, J. Tice, M. Pignone, W. Browner. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2004

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Calcium/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events (2007, result): “Possible explanations of this null finding include the following: (1) Background calcium use impaired our ability to identify a treatment effect; (2) the dose of vitamin D was inadequate; (3) poor adherence to study medication blunted any treatment effect; (4) concurrent postmenopausal hormone thera”
Coronary calcium independently predicts incident premature coronary heart disease over measured cardiovascular risk factors: mean three-year outcomes in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) project. (2005, background): “A recent metanalysis (6) concluded that three factors, including the anner of risk factor assessment, the adjudication of outomes, and the inclusion of women in the cohort, accounted or most of these differences.”
Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis (2010, background): “which might account for the absence of a detrimental vascular effect of dietary calcium intake in the observational studies reviewed. Vascular calcification is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease,”