A reassessment of global bioenergy potential in 2050

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Production, activation, and applications of biochar in recent times (2020, background): “…a model and predicted that biomass resources would fulfill about ~ 15–25% (0.13–0.27 ZJ/year) of the world energy demand by the year 2050; Malins and Searle estimate that biomass has the potential to produce about 0.06–0.12 ZJ of total primary energy per year by 2050 (Stephanie Searle 2015).”
Pathways to Shape the Bioeconomy (2017, background): “The key factors also include agricultural commodity prices and the cost of biomass production, political instabilities in producer countries, the availability of biogenic residues and wastes, and competing uses [54,59,61].”
The limits of bioenergy for mitigating global life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels (2017, background): “Subsequent studies have quantified bioenergy potentials that are cost-effective, avoid competition with food or feed production, or limit the environmental impacts of large-scale adoption [18-20].”
Negative emissions—Part 2: Costs, potentials and side effects (2018, background): “Estimates at the lower-end of this range (Kraxner and Nordström 2015, Searle and Malins 2015, Smith et al 2012) all provide minimum estimates of around 60 EJ yr−1.”