Industrial Lignins: Analysis, Properties, and Applications

By A. Berlin, Mikhail Balakshin. 2014

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Structural Characterization of Lignin and Its Degradation Products with Spectroscopic Methods (2017, methodology): “Consequently, the chemical compositional features of the resulting technical lignins, such as the relative abundance of S/G/H units, the status of side chains, and the contents of functional groups, are highly dependent on the methods and conditions used in degradation processes [17].”
On the Quantification of Lignin Hydroxyl Groups With 31P and 13C NMR Spectroscopy (2015, methodology): “Furthermore, an analysis of published data showed[11] that the 31P NMR-II method tends to underestimate OH groups as compared to the data generated by other methods in lignin analysis.”