Moisture plumes above thunderstorm anvils and their contributions to cross-tropopause transport of water vapor in midlatitudes

By Pao K. Wang. 2003

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Objective Satellite-Based Detection of Overshooting Tops Using Infrared Window Channel Brightness Temperature Gradients (2010, background): “OTs have been identified as localized sources of lowerstratospheric water vapor (WV) through cloud-resolving NWP modeling (Wang 2003; Chemel et al. 2008) and weather satellite observation inferences (Setvak et al. 2008b), which has important implications for the earth’s radiative balance and…”
Observations of deep convective influence on stratospheric water vapor and its isotopic composition (2007, background): “The heavy isotopic water is consistent with enhancement from the lofting and evaporation of ice particles from convective outflow of powerful continental thunderstorms [e.g., Wang, 2003 ].”
Effect of convection on the summertime extratropical lower stratosphere (2004, background): “, 2000; Wang, 2003; Jost et al., 2004] (see, e.g., Hoskins [1991] or Holton et al. [1995] for definitions and a discussion of the overworld and lowermost stratosphere).”
THE EXTRATROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE AND LOWER STRATOSPHERE (2011, background): “Deep convective clouds occasionally penetrate above the extratropical tropopause [ Wang , 2003].”