THE SPLIT RED CLUMP OF THE GALACTIC BULGE FROM OGLE-III

By D. Nataf, A. Udalski, A. Gould, P. Fouqué, Krzysztof Zbigniew Stanek. 2010

174 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The red clump (RC) is found to be split into two components along several sightlines toward the Galactic bulge. This split is detected with high significance toward the areas (−3.5 < l < 1, b < −5) and (l, b) = (0, + 5.2), i.e., along the bulge minor axis and at least 5 deg off the plane. The fainter (hereafter “main”) component is the one that more closely follows the distance–longitude relation of the bulge RC. The main component is ∼0.5 mag fainter than the secondary component and with an overall approximately equal population. For sightlines further from the plane, the difference in brightness increases, and more stars are found in the secondary component than in the main component. The two components have very nearly equal (V − I) color.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5707da9d245e645c1bc652c6384924fb131ac89b

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

In Instrumentation

Citations in the corpus

Dynamical modelling of the galactic bulge and bar: the Milky Way's pattern speed, stellar and dark matter mass distribution (2016, background): “The discovery of the so-called split red clump in the galactic bulge (Nataf et al. 2010; McWilliam & Zoccali 2010) and the later 3D mapping of the bulge density by Wegg & Gerhard (2013) showed that the galactic bulge has a boxy/peanut (B/P) shape, similarly to bulges formed in N-body models by…”
REDDENING AND EXTINCTION TOWARD THE GALACTIC BULGE FROM OGLE-III: THE INNER MILKY WAY'S RV ∼ 2.5 EXTINCTION CURVE (2012, methodology): “As in some previous works (Nataf et al. 2010, 2011a,b,c; Nataf & Udalski 2011), we fit the luminosity function of the RG branch to a 2-parameter exponential rather than a 3-parameter quadratic.”
THE APOGEE RED-CLUMP CATALOG: PRECISE DISTANCES, VELOCITIES, AND HIGH-RESOLUTION ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES OVER A LARGE AREA OF THE MILKY WAY'S DISK (2014, background): “…(ESA 1997), precise distances to the Galactic center (Paczynski & Stanek 1998), various parts of the Galactic bulge (McWilliam & Zoccali 2010; Nataf et al. 2010), the Large Magellanic Cloud (Stanek et al. 1998; Udalski 1998), M31 (Stanek & Garnavich 1998), and many other external galaxies…”
Mapping the three-dimensional density of the galactic bulge with VVV red clump stars (2013, methodology): “More recently Nataf et al. (2010) using OGLE-III data, and McWilliam & Zoccali (2010) using 2MASS, demonstrated that at high latitudes the RC splits into two as a result of the X-shaped structure characteristic for boxy/peanut bulges in barred galaxies (e.g. Martinez-Valpuesta et al. 2006 from…”
Stellar populations in the Milky Way bulge region: towards solving the Galactic bulge and bar shapes using 2MASS data (2011, methodology): “At this stage we introduce a modulation of the density distribution of the bar structure to reproduce the double clump structure seen in medium latitude directions by Nataf et al. (2010), McWilliam & Zoccali (2010), and Saito et al. (2011).”
The mass distribution and gravitational potential of the Milky Way (2016, background): “It is increasingly clear that it is a boxy (or ‘peanut shaped’) bulge (McWilliam & Zoccali 2010; Nataf et al. 2010; Ness et al. 2012, and others).”
Made-to-measure models of the Galactic box/peanut bulge: stellar and total mass in the bulge region (2015, methodology): “This was first reported from the 2MASS catalogue by McWilliam & Zoccali (2010) and from the OGLE-III survey by Nataf et al. (2010).”
Alpha element abundances and gradients in the Milky Way bulge from FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra of 650 K giants (2011, background): “The double clump is clearly visible in several color magnitude diagrams available in the literature (e.g. Zoccali et al. 2003; Rattenbury et al. 2007; McWilliam & Zoccali 2010; Nataf et al. 2010).”
The structure of the Milky Way's bar outside the bulge (2015, methodology): “Recent interest was stimulated by the discovery that close to the bulge minor axis at |b|& 5◦ the RCGs have two distinct magnitudes (McWilliam & Zoccali 2010; Nataf et al. 2010).”
TWO RED CLUMPS AND THE X-SHAPED MILKY WAY BULGE (2010, background): “After this paper was submitted for publication Nataf et al. (2010) reported a split RC toward the Galactic bulge.”
The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties (2016, unknown): “…the bulk of the bulge stars are part of a so-called box/peanut or b/p bulge structure representing the inner, 3D part of the Galactic bar (McWilliam & Zoccali 2010, Nataf et al. 2010, Wegg & Gerhard 2013), consistent with the observed cylindrical rotation (Kunder et al. 2012, Ness et al. 2013b).”
Reddening and metallicity maps of the Milky Way bulge from VVV and 2MASS II. The complete high resolution extinction map and implications for Galactic bulge studies (2012, background): “…GB structure is dominated by the bar (Stanek et al. 1994), which appears to have a peanut or X-shape in the outer regions (McWilliam & Zoccali 2010; Nataf et al. 2010; Saito et al. 2011); ii) there is a radial stellar metallicity gradient (Zoccali et al. 2008; Johnson et al. 2011) that most likely…”
Target Selection for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 Survey (2017, background): “…this past century, surprises do continue to this day, for example, with the discoveries of the X-shaped bulge in the center (McWilliam & Zoccali 2010; Nataf et al. 2010; Ness & Lang 2016) and the presence of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters (e.g., Piotto 2009; Gratton et al. 2012).”