Gut microbiome-host interactions in health and disease

By James Kinross, Ara Darzi, Jeremy K. Nicholson. Genome Medicine, 2011

665 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The gut microbiome is the term given to describe the vast collection of symbiotic microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal system and their collective interacting genomes. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiome performs numerous important biochemical functions for the host, and disorders of the microbiome are associated with many and diverse human disease processes. Systems biology approaches based on next generation 'omics' technologies are now able to describe the gut microbiome at a detailed genetic and functional (transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic) level, providing new insights into the importance of the gut microbiome in human health, and they are able to map microbiome variability between species, individuals and populations. This has established the importance of the gut microbiome in the disease pathogenesis for numerous systemic disease states, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, and in intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, understanding microbiome activity is essential to the development of future personalized strategies of healthcare, as well as potentially providing new targets for drug development. Here, we review recent metagenomic and metabonomic approaches that have enabled advances in understanding gut microbiome activity in relation to human health, and gut microbial modulation for the treatment of disease. We also describe possible avenues of research in this rapidly growing field with respect to future personalized healthcare strategies.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55a5a0430afc87bf1a36d3c4051e3ac82433d989

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Citations in the corpus

The amphibian microbiome: natural range of variation, pathogenic dysbiosis, and role in conservation (2017, background): “, core microbiome, 50–95% of taxa shared between individuals, definition varies across studies) might be responsible for functions important to the host (Turnbaugh and Gordon 2009) and thus involve an evolutionary mutualistic history between species and these core taxa (Kinross et al. 2011; Loudon e”
Cell Biology of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2012, result): “The results of these studies clearly indicate that the intestinal microflora play a critical role in local and remote injury following gut I/R, effects that may be modulated by altering constituent commensal bacteria populations (Alverdy and Chang, 2008; Kinross et al., 2009, 2011).”
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A Phylogenomic View of Ecological Specialization in the Lachnospiraceae, a Family of Digestive Tract-Associated Bacteria (2014, background): “Mammal-associated microbiomes have been shown to influence host health and behavior (Cryan and O’Mahony 2011; Kinross et al. 2011; Muegge et al. 2011) and appear to be hotbeds for lateral gene transfer (LGT) (Smillie et al. 2011; Meehan and Beiko 2012).”
Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics (2011, background): “A variety of systemic diseases such as hypertension (Holmes et al. 2008) and diabetes (Dumas et al. 2007) appear to be directly influenced by microbial metabolism in model animals and human (Kinross et al. 2011).”
A Low-Abundance Biofilm Species Orchestrates Inflammatory Periodontal Disease through the Commensal Microbiota and the Complement Pathway (2011, background): “Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease (Bloom et al., 2011; Kinross et al., 2011; Saleh and Trinchieri, 2011).”
Computational meta'omics for microbial community studies (2013, background): “Such interactions must, of course, also account for the host in host-associated communities, where host–microbe interactions can comprise both direct protein interactions and metabolic (i.e., nutrient) interdependencies (Kinross et al , 2011).”
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