Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and persistence to antibiotic treatment

By A. Brauner, O. Fridman, Orit Gefen, Nathalie Q. Balaban. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2016

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Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens (2020, background): “Antibiotic tolerance can arise from genetic mutations but may also be conferred by stressful external conditions, including nutrient limitation, host factors, temperature, and antibiotic treatment (251).”
Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance (2020, background): “By contrast, antibiotic tolerance is the capacity of bacteria to survive a transient exposure to increased antibiotic concentrations, even those above the MIC.”
Antibiotic resistance and persistence—Implications for human health and treatment perspectives (2020, neutral): “Antibiotic tolerance enables bacteria to survive antibiotic challenges even when they are fully susceptible in standard microbiological assays (Brauner et al , 2016).”