Symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts

By A. Brune. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2014

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Necrobiome Framework for Bridging Decomposition Ecology of Autotrophically and Heterotrophically Derived Organic Matter (2018, background): “Endo-symbionts include a wide range of gut-dwelling bacteria, archaea, and eukarya (e.g., yeasts and protists) that have been the subjects of intense study in both termites (O’Brien and Slaytor 1982, Brune 2014) and various beetle species (Reid et al. 2011, Urbina et al. 2013).”
Origin of termite eusociality: trophallaxis integrates the social, nutritional, and microbial environments (2015, background): “Studies have grown exponentially since the advent of molecular sequencing, and a large number of gut phylotypes or species have been identified (Brune & Ohkuma, 2011; Ohkuma & Brune, 2011; Brune, 2014).”
Lignocellulosic biomass: Biosynthesis, degradation, and industrial utilization (2016, background): “Current findings into the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic biomass by the termite gut flora and their associated enzymes suggest another promising avenue for the efficient industrial conversion of lignocellulose into simpler products and the production of biofuels [101].”
Microbial cellulolytic enzymes: diversity and biotechnology with reference to lignocellulosic biomass degradation (2020, background): “However, in lower wood feeding termites, cellulolytic enzymes are produced by hindgut flagellate protozoa and the insect host (Brune 2014; Nakashima et al. 2002; Sun et al. 2013).”