Unified treatment of dry convective and stratocumulus‐topped boundary layers in the ECMWF model

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On the Representation of High-Latitude Boundary Layer Mixed-Phase Cloud in the ECMWF Global Model (2014, background): “Currently, the IFS represents enhanced turbulence driven by strong cloud-top cooling only in its stratocumulus boundary layer scheme (Köhler et al. 2011).”
Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layers and Diurnal Cycles: Challenges for Weather and Climate Models (2013, methodology): “The case is based on the results from the Arctic original ly presented by Kosović and Curry (2000).”
SEAS5: the new ECMWF seasonal forecast system (2018, methodology): “The turbulent mixing scheme follows the eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) framework, with a K-diffusion turbulence closure and a mass-flux component to represent the non-local eddy fluxes in unstable boundary layers (Köhler et al., 2011).”
Earth System Modeling 2.0: A Blueprint for Models That Learn From Observations and Targeted High‐Resolution Simulations (2017, background): “, boundary layer turbulence, shallow convection, deep convection) in a unified manner, to eliminate artificial spectral gaps that do not exist in nature and to reduce the number of correlated parameters in the schemes [e.g., Lappen and Randall, 2001a,b; Köhler et al., 2011; Suselj et al., 2013; Park”