A review of multi-species foraging associations in fishes and their ecological significance.

By V. Lukoschek, Mark I. McCormick. 2000

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Nuclear-follower foraging associations of reef fishes and other animals at an oceanic archipelago (2007, background): “A follower species is any fish that perceives the feeding conditions created by a nuclear species and forages in its close proximity, and, thus, a follower is usually treated as an opportunistic forager (e.g., Strand 1988; Lukoschek and McCormick 2000; Sazima and Grossman 2005).”
Why do birds participate in mixed-species foraging flocks? A large-scale synthesis (2009, background): “Mixed-species groups are not restricted to terrestrial birds, but occur in a variety of taxa, including mammals (Stensland et al. 2003) and fish (Lukoschek & McCormick 2002), in different habitats, including aquatic environments, and in contexts other than foraging such as nesting (Haemig 2001).”