Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions

By V. Rubin, W. Ford. 1970

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Citations in the corpus

The Dark Matter Crisis: Falsification of the Current Standard Model of Cosmology (2012, background): “…by many orders of magnitude from the well-tested scale of planetary dynamics to the galactic and cosmological ultra-weak-field scales, the dynamics of which were probed (Rubin & Ford 1970) only long after GR had been finalised by Einstein using Newtonian, i.e. essentially Solar System constraints.”
Massive Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter and their detection with Gravitational Waves (2017, background): “Today we have evidence of dark matter from the rotation curves of galaxies [11], from gravitational lensing on large scale structures [12] and from the temperature anisotropies in the CMB [13].”
History of dark matter (2018, unknown): “The observations of the M31 rotation curve Rubin and Ford published in 1970 represented a step forward in terms of quality (Rubin and Ford, 1970).”
A Postquantum Theory of Classical Gravity? (2018, unknown): “On the other hand, since diffusion of the metric can result in stronger gravitational fields when we might otherwise expect none to be present, it raises the possibility that diffusion may explain galaxy rotation curves [169] and galaxy formation without the need for dark matter.”
Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral Field Spectroscopy (2016, background): “This revealed flat rotation curves out to large radii (Rubin & Ford 1970), subsequently strengthened by radio determinations (Bosma 1978), indicating dark matter surrounding the galaxies (see Courteau et al. 2014, for a review).”
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Testing gravity with redshift-space distortions using the power spectrum multipoles (2013, background): “…problem is that the motions of galaxies and galaxy clusters cannot be explained by GR and baryonic matter alone, but require the introduction of a new form of matter, socalled dark matter (Zwicky 1937; Kahn & Woltjer 1959; Freeman 1970; Rubin & Ford 1970), which nobody has yet observed directly.”