Back to the future: little‐used tools and principles of scientific inference can help disentangle effects of multiple stressors on freshwater ecosystems

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Mechanistic effects of low-flow hydrology on riverine ecosystems: ecological principles and consequences of alteration (2012, background): “Identifying and quantifying causal mechanisms is critical to identifying the effects of stressors so that the most appropriate predictors and response variables can be defined and sampled (Downes 2010).”
Understanding and predicting the combined effects of climate change and land‐use change on freshwater macroinvertebrates and fish (2014, background): “Consequently, there is also still a great deal of uncertainty in projecting species and freshwater ecosystem-specific responses for the future (Downes 2010).”
Delivering on a promise: integrating species traits to transform descriptive community ecology into a predictive science (2013, background): “The ecological performance of a species is controlled by multiple traits, so explaining its numerical abundance requires consideration of the factors that drive mortality and reproduction across all life stages (Stearns 1992, Lancaster and Downes 2010).”
Multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems (2010, background): “veys of taxonomic (Downes, 2010) or trait composition (Statzner & Bêche, 2010), as well as highly innovative”