Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination

By J. M. Fonville, S. Wilks, Sarah James, A. Fox, Mario Ventresca, Malet Aban, L. Xue, T. Jones, N. Le, Q. T. Pham and 24 more. 2014

434 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals. Preemptive vaccine updates may substantially improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals. [Also see Perspective by Lessler] Hills and valleys of influenza infection Each one of us may encounter several different strains of the ever-changing influenza virus during a lifetime. Scientists can now summarize such histories of infection over a lifetime of exposure. Fonville et al. visualize the interplay between protective responses and the evasive influenza virus by a technique called antibody landscape modeling (see the Perspective by Lessler). Landscapes reveal how exposure to new strains of the virus boost immune responses and indicate possibilities for optimizing future vaccination programs. Science, this issue p. 996; see also p. 919

Subfields: Epidemiology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

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Citations in the corpus

Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines. (2020, background): “…been imprinted through the establishment of memory B-cell and T-cell repertoires that shape the landscape of subsequent responses to similar antigens and alter responses to new antigenic determinants on new viruses (Francis 1960; Fonville et al. 2014; Monto et al. 2017; Guthmiller andWilson 2018).”
Potent Protection against H5N1 and H7N9 Influenza via Childhood Hemagglutinin Imprinting (2016, result): “Hence, a diagnostic assay able to determine whether a person’s first IAV infection involved a group 1 or group 2 HA may be useful for individualized clinical care and even vaccine design strategies, both for pandemic and seasonal IAVs: in other words, our results strengthen earlier proposals (36) th”
Mapping person-to-person variation in viral mutations that escape polyclonal serum targeting influenza hemagglutinin (2019, methodology): “In some cases vaccination shifts the specificity of the serum, whereas in other cases it primarily boosts existing specificities, consistent with prior work using other approaches (Fonville et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2016, 2019; Henry et al., 2019).”
Predicting evolution (2017, background): “Although individuals have different immune repertoire-wide responses 93 , some antigenic characteristics of their response to related viruses are similar 6 .”
Elicitation of broadly protective immunity to influenza by multivalent hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines (2020, background): “69 ), human clinical trials will be needed to assess the impact of complex and individualized influenza exposure histories and immunological imprinting 70,71 .”