Disease persistence and apparent competition in a three-host community: an empirical and analytical study of large-scale, wild populations

By L. Gilbert, R. Norman, M. Laurenson, H. Reid, P. Hudson. 2001

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Effects of species diversity on disease risk. (2006, background): “Norman et al. (1999) and Gilbert et al. (2001) found that intermediate abundances of a nonviraemic host for the tick vector (e.g. red deer) permit viral persistence in a viraemic host (e.g. grouse), whereas high or low abundances lead to viral fadeout.”
COMMUNITY DISASSEMBLY, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, AND THE EROSION OF AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICE (2003, background): “Recent empirical and modeling studies have revealed a novel ecosystem property associated with biodiversity—the reduction in transmission of vector-borne disease (Ostfeld and Keesing 2000a, b, Gilbert et al. 2001, Schmidt and Ostfeld 2001).”
Identifying disease reservoirs in complex systems: mountain hares as reservoirs of ticks and louping-ill virus, pathogens of red grouse (2003, background): “β Transmission constant 0·00115 (without nvhvt) or 0·0002 (with nvhvt) Estimated from field and equilibrium data (Gilbert et al. 2001) θ Non viraemic transmission coefficient 0 (without nvhvt) or 3·78 × 10 (with nvhvt) Estimated from equilibrium data dG”