Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: a systematic review.

By S. Staufenbiel, B.W.J.H. Penninx, A. Spijker, B. Elzinga, E. van Rossum. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013

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More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018, background): “Meta-analytic and descriptive reviews show that chronic stress is associated with elevated long-term cortisol secretion (Stalder et al., 2017; Staufenbiel et al., 2013), with stressor duration and recency since stressor onset being important factors in shaping basal cortisol levels (Miller et al.,…”
Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017, background): “Hair cortisol levels are elevated in individuals with GAD and PD (Staufenbiel et al, 2013) and increased salivary cortisol concentrations have been associated with late-life GAD (Mantella et al, 2008).”
Poverty, depression, and anxiety: Causal evidence and mechanisms (2020, background): “Sustained long-run exposure to stress from managing this volatility may threaten mental health (44).”
Stress-related and basic determinants of hair cortisol in humans: A meta-analysis. (2016, unknown): “Second, we sought to elucidate the relationship of HCC with chronic stress-related constructs, as previous findings in this context have been particularly puzzling (Stalder and Kirschbaum, 2012; Staufenbiel et al., 2013).”