Systemic And Structural Racism: Definitions, Examples, Health Damages, And Approaches To Dismantling.

By P. Braveman, E. Arkin, D. Proctor, Tina J. Kauh, Nicole Holm. Health Affairs, 2022

710 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Racism is not always conscious, explicit, or readily visible-often it is systemic and structural. Systemic and structural racism are forms of racism that are pervasively and deeply embedded in systems, laws, written or unwritten policies, and entrenched practices and beliefs that produce, condone, and perpetuate widespread unfair treatment and oppression of people of color, with adverse health consequences. Examples include residential segregation, unfair lending practices and other barriers to home ownership and accumulating wealth, schools' dependence on local property taxes, environmental injustice, biased policing and sentencing of men and boys of color, and voter suppression policies. This article defines systemic and structural racism, using examples; explains how they damage health through many causal pathways; and suggests approaches to dismantling them. Because systemic and structural racism permeate all sectors and areas, addressing them will require mutually reinforcing actions in multiple sectors and places; acknowledging their existence is a crucial first step.

Subfields: General Health Professions, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50b15bf73aba61650a68642baa3c916f88752906

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In Sociology and Political Science

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Citations in the corpus

• Harms from Increasingly Agentic Algorithmic Systems (2023, background): “More broadly, many have identified the systemic nature of general classes of harms, such as financial risk [Armour and Gordon 2014], racism [Braveman et al. 2022], and misogyny [Manne 2017].”