Validation of a stochastic Lagrangian modelling approach for inter-particle collisions in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

By M. Sommerfeld. 2001

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Direct numerical simulation of particulate flow via multigrid FEM techniques and the fictitious boundary method (2006, background): “There are also many other collision models which are based on physical properties of the particles, for example, lubrication [17] and stochastic collision models [ 22 ].”
Fully resolved simulations of colliding monodisperse spheres in forced isotropic turbulence (2004, methodology): “…on the formulation of the collision kernel Two limiting cases of turbulent suspension flows are dilute flows, where the particle motion is dominated by hydrodynamic transport effects, and dense flows, where the motion of the particles is dominated by inter-particle collisions (Sommerfeld 2001).”
On fluid–particle dynamics in fully developed cluster-induced turbulence (2015, methodology): “Instead, these methods rely on the generation of a fictitious collision partner with a given size and velocity (Sommerfeld 2001).”