Economic prosperity, biodiversity conservation, and the environmental Kuznets curve

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Policy learning and policy failure in sustainable tourism governance: from first- and second-order to third-order change? (2011, background): “…and predictable relationship between pollution and per capita income so that as incomes or GDP rise the level of pollution and biodiversity loss declines (the so-called environmental Kuznets curve) (Czech et al., 2005; Dirtz & Adger, 2003; Mills & Waite, 2009; Mozumder et al., 2006; Stern, 2004).”
The Value of Biodiversity (2013, background): “The evidence for any well-defined relation between income and biodiversity loss using this metric is extremely weak (Dietz and Adger, 2003; Mills and Waite, 2009).”
Democracy, Financial Openness, and Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Heterogeneity Across Existing Emission Levels (2015, background): “Indeed, Mills and Waite (2009) argue that heteroskedasticity is”