Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate.

By M. Zinn, B. Witholt, T. Egli. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2001

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Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Efficient Replacement of Synthetic Polymers (2020, background): “PHA granule has an amorphous polyester core [53].”
Bacterial synthesis of biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (2007, background): “PHA has an ideal biocompatibility as it is a product of cell metabolism and also 3-hydroxy butyric acid (the product of degradation) is normally present in blood at concentrations between 0Æ3 and 1Æ3 mmol l)1 (Zinn et al. 2001).”
Mini-Review: Biosynthesis of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (2009, neutral): “1 , 3 , 4 , 5 Recent studies have demonstrated the use of PHAs in the production of stents and in the tissue engineering of heart valves.”
Linking ecology with economy: Insights into polyhydroxyalkanoate‐producing microorganisms (2011, background): “Here, the quantitative removal of lipopolysaccharides (endotoxines) has to be guaranteed in order to avoid inflammatory in vivo reactions [111].”
Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials (2007, methodology): “Enzymatic polyesterification of bacterial origin is yet another elegant method for developing polyesters [16].”