The intestinal microbiota: Antibiotics, colonization resistance, and enteric pathogens
By Sohn G. Kim, April Covington, Eric G. Pamer. Immunological Reviews, 2017
617 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse network of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiota that plays an important role in health and disease. For instance, the intestinal microbiota can prevent invading microbes from colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, a phenomenon known as colonization resistance. Perturbations to the microbiota, such as antibiotic administration, can alter microbial composition and result in the loss of colonization resistance. Consequently, the host may be rendered susceptible to colonization by a pathogen. This is a particularly relevant concern in the hospital setting, where antibiotic use and antibiotic‐resistant pathogen exposure are more frequent. Many nosocomial infections arise from gastrointestinal colonization. Due to their resistance to antibiotics, treatment is often very challenging. However, recent studies have demonstrated that manipulating the commensal microbiota can prevent and treat various infections in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the members of the microbiota, as well as the mechanisms, that govern colonization resistance against specific pathogens. We also review the effects of antibiotics on the microbiota, as well as the unique epidemiology of immunocompromised patients that renders them a particularly high‐risk population to intestinal nosocomial infections.
Subfields: Food Science, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4fc38f6552e0f831f2a038b6c31011e4eeb5b796
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In Food Science
In Infectious Diseases
In Molecular Biology
- H. Smidt
- Ellen E. Blaak
- B. Goodman
- Milton H. Saier Jr.
- H. Gardner
- Hassan Zafar
- John Penders
- Erwin G. Zoetendal
Citations in the corpus
- The microbiome and cancer (2018, background): “The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes constitute 90%, and the Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes are consistent but less abundant constituents [16].”
- Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease (2021, background): “Members of the genus Bacteroides are potential colonizers of the colon and account for a major fraction of the gut bacteriome.(6) These Gramnegative obligate anaerobes play multiple roles in the human gut bacteriome and are major players in sustaining the microbial food web of the gut.”
- Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health (2020, background): “44 In particular, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea due to the nosocomial pathogen C. difficile occurs frequently.”