Body mass change strategies in blackbirds Turdus merula: the starvation–predation risk trade‐off

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Predation in bird populations (2011, background): “MacLeod et al. 2005; Macleod et al. 2008) and adopt foraging areas and tactics that maximise their daily energy intake (e.g.”
Rates of mass gain and energy deposition in red knot on their final spring staging site is both time‐ and condition‐dependent (2007, background): “Alternatively, there may be other costs associated with fuelling at a high rate, such as increased energetic costs and reduced vigilance leading to increased predation risk (Brodin 2001; MacLeod et al. 2005a, MacLeod et al. 2005b), or reduced manoeuvrability of high mass birds leading to increased”
Seize the night: European Blackbirds (Turdus merula) extend their foraging activity under artificial illumination (2015, background): “Macleod et al. (2005), for example, argued that a bird's body mass is optimized according to the theory of starvation/predation risk trade-off.”
Antipredator behavior in blackbirds: habituation complements risk allocation (2009, background): “Had the lowest FID and highest pedestrian rate been found always in the evenings for all parks or vice versa, our interpretation could have been confounded by some potential association of FID with temperature or with the rate of body mass gain at different parts of the day (Cresswell 1998;MacLeod e”