Calculus With Applications
By P. Lax, M. S. Terrell. 1989
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Citations in the corpus
- ZOO: Zeroth Order Optimization Based Black-box Attacks to Deep Neural Networks without Training Substitute Models (2017, methodology): “function: We discuss our optimization techniques for any general function f used for attacks (the regularization term in (1) can be absorbed as a part of f ). We use the symmetric difference quotient [23] to estimate the gradient ∂f (x) ∂x i (defined asдˆi): дˆi B ∂f (x) ∂xi ≈ f (x+hei)−f (x−hei) 2h”
- Improving Black-box Adversarial Attacks with a Transfer-based Prior (2019, methodology): “Chen et al. [6] propose to use the symmetric difference quotient [19] to estimate the gradient at each coordinate as where σ is a small constant, and e i is the i -th unit basis vector.”