Effects of Improved Street Lighting on Crime: A Systematic Review

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How effective is the “Reasoning and Rehabilitation” programme in reducing reoffending? A meta-analysis of evaluations in four countries (2006, result): “Thus, an odds ratio of 1.15 indicates that the reconviction percentage in the control group is 15) higher compared to the experimental group or that the experimental group reoffended 13) less (1u1.15) than the control group ( Farrington & Welsh, 2002; Lipsey & Wilson, 2001).”
Improved street lighting and crime prevention (2002, background): “This six-year update of the first systematic review on the subject (Farrington and Welsh, 2002a) did not find one new evaluation that measured the effect of lighting on crime.”
The Deterrence Spectrum: Explaining Why Police Body-Worn Cameras ‘Work’ or ‘Backfire’ in Aggressive Police–Public Encounters (2018, background): “Finally, it is often difficult to single out the effect of these costly systems from the impact of the additional signage and/ or lighting that is usually installed with the cameras and could (Farrington and Welsh, 2002), in fact, be the primary ingredient that deters offenders (Painter and Tilley, ”