Monitoring Depression Treatment Outcomes With the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

By B. Löwe, J. Unützer, C. Callahan, A. Perkins, K. Kroenke. Medical Care, 2004

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The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. (2010, background): “A five-point decline represents a clinically significant improvement [26].”
Using the patient health questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients (2006, methodology): “The process of subject selection, administration of instruments, and data collection of the PHQ Primary Care and Obstetrics/Gynecology Studies are explained in detail in prior publications.(7,8) Briefly, from May 1997 to November 1998, 3,000 primary care patients (1,422 from 5 general internal medic”
Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) (2011, background): “Utilizing a decline in PHQ-9 score of 5 points as an indicator of significant response to treatment or reduction in depression is recommended (57,60).”