The Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Instrument Suite

By W. Boynton, W. Feldman, I. Mitrofanov, L. Evans, R. Reedy, S. Squyres, R. Starr, J. Trombka, C. d'Uston, J. Arnold and 19 more. 2004

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THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER (2011, background): “TheMOd Gamma Ray Spectrometer and MOd High‐Energy Neutron Detector neutron data indicate large subsurface hydrogen content, which has been interpreted as subsurface ice [Mitrofanov et al., 2003; Boynton et al., 2004; Jakosky et al., 2005; Kuzmin et al., 2007].”
Exploration of hydrothermal targets on Mars (2007, background): “Interpretation: Prime candidate site for the future exploration based on multiple layers of geologic, topographic, geophysical, and elemental information including the highest concentration of chlorine recorded on the planet (Boynton et al., 2004; Dohm et al., 2006).”
Stability and exchange of subsurface ice on Mars (2005, background): “[2004] measured 70–85% ice by volume, covered by less than 15 ± 5 g cm(2) of dry material. This agrees well with the corresponding values given in Table 1 (top). The GRS burial depths are obtained from a two-layer model of nuclear scattering and any more detailed vertical distribution of ice is thou”