Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin.
By T. Aro, P. Fatehi. ChemSusChem, 2017
695 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Lignin is the largest reservoir of aromatic compounds on earth and has great potential to be used in many industrial applications. Alternative methods to produce lignosulfonates from spent sulfite pulping liquors and kraft lignin from black liquor of kraft pulping process are critically reviewed herein. Furthermore, options to increase the sulfonate contents of lignin-based products are outlined and the industrial attractiveness of them is evaluated. This evaluation includes sulfonation and sulfomethylation of lignin. To increase the sulfomethylation efficiency of lignin, various scenarios, including hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydroxymethylation, were compared. The application of sulfonated lignin-based products is assessed and the impact of the properties of these products on the characteristics of their end-use application is critically evaluated. Sulfonated lignin-based products have been used as dispersants in cement admixtures and dye solutions more than other applications, and their molecular weight and degree of sulfonation were crucial in determining their efficiency. The use of lignin-based sulfonated products in composites may result in an increase in the hydrophilicity of some composites, but the sulfonated products may need to be desulfonated with an alkali and/or oxygen prior to their use in composites. To be used as a flocculant, sulfonated lignin-based products may need to be cross-linked to increase their molecular weight. The challenges associated with the use of lignin-based products in these applications are comprehensively discussed herein.
Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c6ff7625bd71e26f7f7e9859fbee20da3081ff4
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In Biomedical Engineering
In Plant Science
Citations in the corpus
- A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Properties of Lignosulfonates: Chemical Structure and Behavior in Aqueous Solution, at Surfaces and Interfaces (2020, methodology): “A variety of odification processes exist for lignosulfonates [1], due to hich the differences bet een lignosulfonate and sulfonated lignin can be arginal.”