The missing link in grassland restoration: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation increases plant diversity and accelerates succession
By L. Koziol, James D. Bever. 2017
210 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Summary 1.Because soil microbial communities are often altered by anthropogenic disturbance, successful plant community restoration may require the restoration of beneficial soil microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Recent evidence suggests that later successional grassland species are more strongly affected by AM fungi relative to early successional plants and that late successional plants consistently benefit from some AM fungi but not other AM fungal species. Many of these late successional species are also often missing in restorations despite being heavily seeded. 2.To assess the effects of AM fungal composition within grassland restorations, we inoculated plots with six different AM fungal community treatments including one of four different AM fungal species isolated from a prairie, a mixture of all four fungal species, and a non-inoculated control. AM fungi were introduced by planting sixteen different inoculated nurse plants into replicated plots. We also seeded the restoration with a diverse, 54-species prairie seed mixture. 3.We found that AM fungal inoculation drove plant community composition; plots inoculated with certain AM fungal treatments were dominated by desirable prairie plants whereas plots inoculated with other AM fungal species and the non-inoculated control were dominated by non-desirable plants including weeds and exotic species. Specifically, we found that many early successional species established well regardless of AM fungal inoculation, while the establishment and growth of many late successional species was strongly dependent on the presence of specific AM fungal species. Many conservative late successional species did not occur without inoculation. Overall, total plant community richness, diversity, and floristic quality index were all significantly improved with AM fungal inoculation, whereas we observed that non-desirable plant abundance was significantly greater in the non-inoculated plots. 4.Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that the lack of late successional establishment reported in many previous restorations may be due to ineffective arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities at these sites. We conclude that the reintroduction of AM fungi from reference prairie environments could improve restoration outcomes by promoting plant diversity and richness, especially for desirable later successional plant species, while simultaneously inhibiting less desirable weedy plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Subfields: Insect Science, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c511371b8f397808e69248f976c82085d86ed86
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Citations in the corpus
- Mycorrhizal feedbacks generate positive frequency dependence accelerating grassland succession (2018, methodology): “The AM fungi were introduced by planting 16 inoculated prairie seedlings into each plot (eight early and eight late successional; see Koziol and Bever (2016b) for more details on this experimental design).”
- Soil microbial diversity during 30 years of grassland restoration on the Loess Plateau, China: Tight linkages with plant diversity (2019, background): “These nutrient cycling and symbiosis links collectively constitute the functional linkages of plants and microbes during grassland restoration, which would have a significant impact on restoration processes (Koziol et al., 2017).”