Residual stress effects on near-threshold fatigue crack growth in friction stir welds in aerospace alloys

By R. John, K. Jata, K. Sadananda. 2003

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Analysis of transient temperature and residual thermal stresses in friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 via numerical simulation (2011, background): “John et al. [ 13 ] and Bussu and Irving [14] have investigated the effects of weld residual stress on the fatigue propagation of cracks.”
Recent advances in friction-stir welding : Process, weldment structure and properties (2008, methodology): “The thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) lies between the HAZ and nugget; the grains of the original microstructure are retained in this region, but often in a deformed state.”
Residual stress measurements in a thick, dissimilar aluminum alloy friction stir weld (2006, methodology): “Detailed testing has shown that that the rate changes occur primarily from residual stresses, even at very modest magnitudes, rather than microstructural changes [2-6].”