REDD+ as Result‐based Aid: General Lessons and Bilateral Agreements of Norway

By A. Angelsen. 2017

171 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The initiative known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) officially became part of the international climate agenda in 2007. At that time, REDD+ was an idea regarding payment to countries (and possibly also projects) for reducing emission from forests, with funding primarily from carbon markets. The initiative has since become multi-objective in nature; the policy focus has changed from a payments for environmental services (PES) approach to broader policies, and international funding primarily originates from development aid budgets. This “aidification” of REDD+ has made the program similar to previous efforts using conditional or results-based aid (RBA). However, the experience of RBA in other sectors has scarcely been addressed in the REDD+ debate. The alleged advantages of RBA are poorly backed by empirical research. This paper reviews the primary challenges in designing and implementing a system of RBA, namely, donor spending pressure, performance criteria, reference levels, risk sharing, and funding credibility. It then reviews the four partially performance-based, bilateral REDD+ agreements that Norway has entered with Tanzania, Brazil, Guyana, and Indonesia. These agreements and the aid experience provide valuable lessons for the design and implementation of future REDD+ mechanisms.

Subfields: Development, Economics and Econometrics, Global and Planetary Change

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4bfc079dc0e3218d2b557046f58119ad25b3ed97

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Economics and Econometrics

1. William D. Sunderlin
2. Sven Wunder
3. S. Engel
4. A. Vatn
5. E. Corbera
6. P. McElwee
7. S. Pagiola
8. R. Fletcher

In Global and Planetary Change

1. William D. Sunderlin
2. Sven Wunder
3. S. Engel
4. P. McElwee
5. A. Angelsen
6. Katharine R. E. Sims
7. A. Vatn
8. E. Corbera

Citations in the corpus

• What is REDD+ achieving on the ground? (2018, background): “Instead, funding for REDD+ at national and subnational levels has come through multilateral and bilateral donors in a form of results-based aid [7].”