Influence of the shielding gas flow on the removal of process by-products in the selective laser melting process

By A. Ladewig, G. Schlick, Maximilian Fisser, V. Schulze, U. Glatzel. 2016

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Spatter formation in selective laser melting process using multi-laser technology (2017, background): “The ejected metal is cooled down very quickly and condensates, forming particles with different particle sizes depending on the duration of the condensation process [22].”
A review of the as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V mechanical properties towards achieving fatigue resistant designs (2018, background): “In addition, the layer thickness can be affected by the inefficient removal of the by-products (condensate, ejected powder and spatter) that occur during the melting process, which increases the potential of lack of fusion defects [29].”
Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice (2020, background): “Additionally, the shielding gas flow should be optimized as reported in [208], where it was observed that low gas flow does not effectively remove spatter or generated fumes, which can then interact with the laser beam and redeposit as unwanted byproducts.”