Rigid Biological Systems as Models for Synthetic Composites

By G. Mayer. Science, 2005

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Merger of structure and material in nacre and bone - Perspectives on de novo biomimetic materials (2009, background): “These materials have in general relatively complex structures organized over several length scales (hierarchical structures [1,2]) leading to mechanisms that operate over several length scales, down to the nanoscale [8–10].”
On the mechanics of mother-of-pearl: a key feature in the material hierarchical structure (2007, background): “The exact features and mechanisms responsible for the strengthening of nacre are however not properly elucidated to this day (Mayer, 2005), and no clear design guideline for the design of ‘‘artificial nacre’’ composites with superior properties has been established.”