Renewable Portfolio Standards: When Do They Lower Energy Prices?

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A retrospective analysis of benefits and impacts of U.S. renewable portfolio standards (2016, result): “…2007).57 As a result of these natural gas price effects, previous research has found that, while RPS programs drive up retail electricity prices in certain cases (Barbose et al. 2015), these increases could be partially or entirely offset by suppression of natural gas prices (e.g., Fischer 2009).”
On the Economics of a Carbon Tax for the United States (2019, unknown): “Fischer (2010) has shown that RPS programs can actually reduce electricity prices because the price of wind or solar at the margin is zero in contrast to natural gas, which, while cleaner than coal, still has a cost at the margin.”
Combining Policies for Renewable Energy: Is the Whole Less than the Sum of its Parts? (2010, unknown): “The opposite is true for the price influence of renewable sector impacts: they are stronger when the renewable energy supply curve is flatter or the fossil energy supply curves are steeper (Fischer, 2009).”