Novel composite nanofiltration membranes containing zwitterions with high permeate flux and improved anti-fouling performance

By Yan-li Ji, Quan‐Fu An, Qiang Zhao, Wen-Dan Sun, Kueir-Rarn Lee, Huan-Jin Chen, Cong-jie Gao. 2012

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Zwitterionic copolymer self-assembly for fouling resistant, high flux membranes with size-based small molecule selectivity (2015, background): “Two studies incorporated zwitterionic groups in charged hydrogel layers to boost fouling resistance [48,49].”
Recent advances in polymer and polymer composite membranes for reverse and forward osmosis processes (2016, unknown): “[135, 169-175] The zwitterionic carboxylated PEI-coated SWRO membrane presented lower contact angle to 32000 ppm of NaCl solution compared with that to DI water, suggesting higher affinity to NaCl solution and improved antifouling property in seawater condition.”
A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies. (2017, background): “, 2011), zwitterionic materials (Ji et al., 2012), metal oxide nanoparticles (Liang et al.”
Surface coating on the polyamide TFC RO membrane for chlorine resistance and antifouling performance improvement (2014, methodology): “The monomer MD BAC was synthesized according to the method reported in the literature [6,9].”
Synergetic effects of oxidized carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on fouling control and anti-fouling mechanism of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes (2013, background): “23% of total fouling) due to the lower surface hydrophilicity [54].”