Preparation and characterization of novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic polyetherimide composite membranes for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation

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Performance improvement of PVDF hollow fiber-based membrane distillation process (2011, unknown): “To improve the applicability of these membranes for the MD processes, there are two approaches to minimize wetting; one is a finely porous hydrophobic coating which helps to minimize the pores size while maintaining suitable porosity [9-11]; the other is to apply a dense hydrophilic coating which ca”
Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic PVDF membranes by vapor-induced phase separation and application in vacuum membrane distillation (2013, background): “SMM/PEI (M2) [13] DCMD Tf=65 °C; Tp=15 °C; 0.”
CF4 plasma-modified superhydrophobic PVDF membranes for direct contact membrane distillation (2014, methodology): “Hydrophobization is a key step for the preparation of MD membranes including direct phase separation [8–14] and surface treatment using perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane [15], TiO2 nanoparticles deposition [16], hydrophilic sodium alginate hydrogel [17], plasma polymerization of fluoropolymer [18–20] an”
Preparation and properties of PTFE hollow fiber membranes for desalination through vacuum membrane distillation (2013, background): “According to the different ways to make a vapor pressure difference across the membrane drive a flux, MD can be divided into the following five forms: direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) [3–5], air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) [6], sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) [7], VMD [8–10”