Confinement stress in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) depresses peritoneal leukocyte cytotoxicity

By M. Vazzana, M. Cammarata, E. Cooper, N. Parrinello. 2002

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Stocking density and welfare of cage farmed Atlantic salmon: application of a multivariate analysis (2005, background): “…charr (Salvelinus alpinus) suffer less physical damage and grow more rapidly at high density (Jorgensen et al., 1993), whereas sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Vazzana et al., 2002) and gilthead seabream (Sparus auratus, Montero et al., 1999) show evidence of reduced welfare at high densities.”
Whole-body cortisol is an indicator of crowding stress in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio (2006, methodology): “These crowding durations were chosen based on previous crowding studies done with other teleosts (Schreck et al., 1985; Barton et al., 1988; Vazzana et al., 2002).”
Stress and immune modulation in fish. (2011, background): “tence, as shown by reduced rates of cytotoxicity and chemiuminescence (Vazzana et al., 2002).”
Farmed fish welfare-suffering assessment and impact on product quality (2009, background): “Sea bass show high stress levels at high density (Vazzana et al., 2002).”
Stress-associated impacts of short-term holding on fishes (2006, background): “Despite their significant increase in number, the phagocytic ability of these leukocytes is significantly reduced immediately after stress (apparently due to incomplete development), and normal immunocompetence may not recover for more than 48 h (Ortuño et al. 2001; Vazzana et al. 2002).”