Selective referral to high-volume hospitals: estimating potentially avoidable deaths.

By R. Adams Dudley, K. Johansen, R. Brand, D. Rennie, A. Milstein. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2000

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Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease (2010, background): “Hence, benchmarking and profiling efforts must recognize and account for the most physiologically precise severity-of-illness information and accurate and appropriate case-mix adjustments; otherwise, referral centers may have an incentive to refuse care for patients who could benefit from being tran”
ACC/AHA 2004 guideline update for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). (2004, background): “Dudley et al (713) reviewed the literature linking high and low volumes to better and worse outcomes for a variety of procedures including CABG.”
Is Volume Related to Outcome in Health Care? A Systematic Review and Methodologic Critique of the Literature (2002, background): “Previous reviews have also found that the associations between procedure volume and surgery outcomes are strongest for pancreatic and esophageal cancer and are more modest or heterogeneous for most other conditions (12, 13, 15, 16).”