Optical Spectroscopy of Type Ib/c Supernovae

By Thomas Matheson, A. Filippenko, Weidong Li, D. Leonard, J. Shields. 2001

163 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present 84 spectra of Type Ib/c and Type IIb supernovae (SNe), describing the individual SNe in detail. The relative depths of the helium absorption lines in the spectra of the SNe Ib appear to provide a measurement of the temporal evolution of the SN, with He I λ5876 and He I λ7065 growing in strength relative to He I λ6678 over time. Light curves for three of the SNe Ib provide a sequence for correlating the helium line strengths. We find that some SNe Ic show evidence for weak helium absorption, but most do not. Aside from the presence or absence of the helium lines, there are other spectroscopic differences between SNe Ib and SNe Ic. On average, the O I λ7774 line is stronger in SNe Ic than in SNe Ib. In addition, the SNe Ic have distinctly broader emission lines at late times, indicating a consistently larger explosion energy and/or lower envelope mass for SNe Ic than for SNe Ib. While SNe Ib appear to be basically homogeneous, the SNe Ic are quite heterogeneous in their spectroscopic characteristics. Three SNe Ic that may have been associated with gamma-ray bursts are also discussed; two of these have clearly peculiar spectra, while the third seems fairly typical.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a106051366331c2b1bf89ba7c47ad888199dc79

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. A. Filippenko
2. S. Smartt
3. N. Smith
4. R. Kirshner
5. Ryan Chornock
6. Weidong Li
7. S. Jha
8. A. Riess

Citations in the corpus

• THE SPECTROSCOPIC DIVERSITY OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE (2000, background): “One SN Ia (SN 1999bv) was mis-classified as a “probable Type Ib/c” supernova by Jha et al. (1999a), although its spectrum shows it to be a Type Ia SN at ∼ 3months past maximum light (as noted by Matheson et al. 2001).”
• VARIABLE SODIUM ABSORPTION IN A LOW-EXTINCTION TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA, (2009, methodology): “Before searching for variations in the intrinsic supernova line profiles, we therefore must remove the telluric features, which will change with atmospheric conditions (e.g., Wade & Horne 1988; Matheson et al. 2001).”
• The Type Ic Hypernova SN 2002ap (2002, background): “Subsequently, other “hypernovae” of Type Ic have been discovered or recognized, such as SN 1997ef (Iwamoto et al. 2000; Mazzali, Iwamoto, & Nomoto 2000) and SN 1997dq (Matheson et al. 2001), although their KE was not as large as that of SN 1998bw, and they did not appear to be associated with GRBs.”
• A new method for estimating the bolometric properties of Ibc supernovae (2013, background): “Additionally, in the literature, the peak ejecta velocities have been determined using different line diagnostics (mostly He and Fe lines; e.g. Matheson et al. 2001; Pian et al. 2006, etc.), and it therefore has not been possible to create a homogeneous sample of SNe where the ejecta velocity has…”
• Nebular emission-line profiles of Type Ib/c supernovae - Probing the ejecta asphericity (2009, background): “…1991/01/12 130 ± 7 Gómez & López 2002 1991/01/23 141 ± 7 Matheson et al. 2001 1990aj Ib/cpec NGC 1640 SBb(R) 1604 ± 64 d 0.0053(02) 1991/01/29 140 ± 50 Asiago archive 1991/02/22 164 ± 50 Asiago archive 1991/03/10 180 ± 50 Matheson et al. 2001 1991A Ic IC 2973 SBcd 3232 ± 84 0.0107(03)…”
• SN 2006jc: A Wolf-Rayet Star Exploding in a Dense He-rich Circumstellar Medium (2006, background): “There are no photospheric P Cygni profiles, which are typically found in early SN Ib/c spectra (Matheson et al. 2001); the spectra seem to consist of two continuum components (red and blue) and intermediate width (1000 km s 1 !”
• Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum (2006, background): “SNe Ib are defined by the presence of conspicuous lines of He i in their optical spectra, whereas SNe Ic are defined by their quasi-absence (Matheson et al. 2001).”
• A Two-Component Model for the Light Curves of Hypernovae (2003, background): “One group comprises SN 1998bw and SN 2002ap, whose spectra and light curves show a similar behavior, while the other group includes SN 1997ef (and possibly SN 1997dq, whose spectra and light-curve shape are very similar to those of SN 1997ef; Matheson et al. 2001).”
• SN 2004aw: confirming diversity of Type Ic supernovae (2006, background): “Also, the collection of SN Ib/c spectra published by Matheson et al. (2001) and efforts to model spectra of SNe Ib/c by Branch et al. (2002) and Elmhamdi et al. (2006) might be considered expressions of the new enthusiasm in this field.”
• FROM SHOCK BREAKOUT TO PEAK AND BEYOND: EXTENSIVE PANCHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE Ib SUPERNOVA 2008D ASSOCIATED WITH SWIFT X-RAY TRANSIENT 080109 (2008, background): “While the number of well-observed, normal, stripped-envelope SNe has grown in the past decade (see Matheson et al. 2001; Richardson et al. 2006; Modjaz 2007 and references therein), there are few observations at very early times after the collapse, especially when the shock breaks out of the…”
• Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy of SN 1999ee and SN 1999ex (2002, background): “Recently Matheson et al. (2001) compiled and analyzed a large collection of spectra of SNe Ib and Ic.”
• OPTICAL SPECTRA OF 73 STRIPPED-ENVELOPE CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2014, methodology): “…and used in Roy et al. (2013; labeled “+96 days [after explosion]”) is accidentally that of SN 2008D and not of SN 2007uy. of 84 spectra of 29 SNe, while the SUSPECT18 database contains 292 spectra of 37 SESNe (including a number of SNe from our sample, as well as those from Matheson et al. 2001).”