Empathy, Ways of Knowing, and Interdependence as Mediators of Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Hate Speech and Freedom of Speech

By G. Cowan, Désirée Khatchadourian. 2003

55 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology, Cognitive Science & Psychology

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Artificial Intelligence

1. Yejin Choi
2. Noah A. Smith
3. Maarten Sap
4. Swabha Swayamdipta
5. Mohit Bansal
6. Yulia Tsvetkov
7. Suchin Gururangan
8. Luke S. Zettlemoyer

In Cognitive Neuroscience

1. Yejin Choi
2. Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

In Social Psychology

1. Yejin Choi
2. Noah A. Smith
3. Maarten Sap
4. Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

In Cognitive Science & Psychology

1. Yejin Choi
2. Aida Mostafazadeh Davani
3. Mark Díaz
4. Maarten Sap
5. Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

Citations in the corpus

• RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Models (2020, background): “, 2017), partially due to annotator identity influencing their perception of hate speech (Cowan and Khatchadourian, 2003) and differences in annotation task setup (Sap et al.”
• Annotators with Attitudes: How Annotator Beliefs And Identities Bias Toxic Language Detection (2021, background): “the ability and willingness of recognizing and labeling hate speech (Cowan and Khatchadourian, 2003).”
• Dealing with Disagreements: Looking Beyond the Majority Vote in Subjective Annotations (2021, background): “…moral values, and lived experiences often influence their interpretations, especially in subjective tasks such as identifying political stances (Luo et al., 2020), sentiment (Díaz et al., 2018), and online abuse and hate speech (Cowan and Khatchadourian, 2003; Waseem, 2016; Patton et al., 2019).”