Identification of interplanetary coronal mass ejections at 1 AU using multiple solar wind plasma composition anomalies

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Major geomagnetic storms (Dst<=-100~nT) generated by corotating interaction regions in 1996--2004 (2006, background): “In particular, there is no clear evidence of ICMErelated material, which typically has higher than expected O 7 /O 6 ratios [ Richardson and Cane, 2004, and references therein].”
The Physical Processes of CME/ICME Evolution (2017, background): “At solar minimum, nearly all ICMEs at Earth can be identified as MCs (Cane and Richardson 2003; Richardson and Cane 2004b), while at solar maximum only ≈ 15% can be.”
Long-duration magnetic clouds: a comparison of analyses using torus- and cylinder-shaped flux rope models (2007, background): “Geophys., 25, 2453–2477, 2007 recent statistic study by Richardson and Cane (2004) showed that the enhanced ratio of He++/H+ (>0.06) is indicative of ICMEs.”
The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) Investigation on the STEREO Observatories (2008, background): “Of perhaps special interest in the early phase of the mission is the subset of ICMEs known as magnetic clouds (MCs).”
Global distribution of the solar wind during solar cycle 23: ACE observations (2009, background): “Based on CR03, Richardson and Cane [2004] developed a subset of criteria for identifying ICME, as labeled (1), (2), and (3) in Table 1. [8] We first test all combinations of the criteria listed in”