Pyrolysis reactions of various lignin model dimers

By H. Kawamoto, Sunao Horigoshi, S. Saka. Journal of Wood Science, 2007

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Toward Thermoplastic Lignin Polymers; Part II: Thermal & Polymer Characteristics of Kraft Lignin & Derivatives (2013, background): “Derived from phenoxy radicals, the quinone methide intermediate can also undergo a re-aromatization process through a series of resonancestabilized radical mesomers (Schemes 3A and 3B) (Kawamoto et al. 2007a,b).”
Lignin pyrolysis reactions (2017, methodology): “Hence, various model dimers including β-ether [20, 27, 28, 34, 40–53], α-ether [20, 30, 34, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54], β-aryl [20, 31, 32, 47, 54], β-β [33], and biphenyl [20, 47, 54] types, trimers [34, 49, 51] and oligomers/polymers such as dehydrogenative polymerization products of cinnamyl alcohols [3”
Lignin utilization: A review of lignin depolymerization from various aspects (2019, unknown): “The model chemical studies also indicated that the non-phenolic ether bonds are easier to be cleaved than the phenolic ether bonds and the condensed linkages like β-1 and biphenyl bonds also can be cleaved in this stage, even though it is not very effective [60].”