PAMPs and DAMPs: Signal 0s that Spur Autophagy and Immunity

By D. Tang, R. Kang, Carolyn B. Coyne, H. J. Zeh, Michael Lotze. Immunological Reviews, 2012

1,103 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Pathogen‐associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) are derived from microorganisms and recognized by pattern recognition receptor (PRR)‐bearing cells of the innate immune system as well as many epithelial cells. In contrast, damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are cell‐derived and initiate and perpetuate immunity in response to trauma, ischemia, and tissue damage, either in the absence or presence of pathogenic infection. Most PAMPs and DAMPs serve as so‐called ‘Signal 0s’ that bind specific receptors [Toll‐like receptors, NOD‐like receptors, RIG‐I‐like receptors, AIM2‐like receptors, and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)] to promote autophagy. Autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is a cell survival mechanism invoked in response to environmental and cellular stress. Autophagy is inferred to have been present in the last common eukaryotic ancestor and only to have been lost by some obligatory intracellular parasites. As such, autophagy represents a unifying biology, subserving survival and the earliest host defense strategies, predating apoptosis, within eukaryotes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of autophagic molecular mechanisms and functions in emergent immunity.

Subfields: Clinical Biochemistry, Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/481de4f9e3841c6d55d0c7a2dba7fa9c72e68ceb

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Clinical Biochemistry

1. R. Kang
2. D. Tang
3. I. Slaninová

In Epidemiology

1. D. Tang
2. R. Kang
3. Xin Chen
4. Guido Kroemer
5. N. Rosenblatt-Velin
6. L. Liaudet
7. J. Lugrin
8. R. Parapanov

In Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

1. Guido Kroemer

Citations in the corpus

• Ferroptosis in infection, inflammation, and immunity (2021, background): “The DAMP-PRR axis plays a core role in bridging cell death and immune response in the context of tissue damage and tumor immunity (Tang et al., 2012; Zindel and Kubes, 2020).”
• The role of oxidative stress during inflammatory processes (2013, background): “Such signaling cascades foster the expression of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, growth factors, and additional molecules that are required for antimicrobial resistance and tissue repair (Medzhitov and Horng, 2009; Tang et al., 2012b).”
• Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances (2025, neutral): “119,120 These molecules are usually not recognized as DAMPs when the organism is in a steady state.”
• Autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in tumor immunotherapy (2022, background): “Besides the antitumor immune responses, the release of cytokines and chemokines facilitates the inflammatory responses that promote tumor growth.(38,39) It is possible for ICD to occur in the context of autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.”