The Toxicity Data Landscape for Environmental Chemicals
By Richard S. Judson, Ann M. Richard, D. Dix, K. Houck, Matt T. Martin, R. Kavlock, V. Dellarco, T. Henry, T. Holderman, Phil Sayre and 3 more. 2008
482 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Objective Thousands of chemicals are in common use, but only a portion of them have undergone significant toxicologic evaluation, leading to the need to prioritize the remainder for targeted testing. To address this issue, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other organizations are developing chemical screening and prioritization programs. As part of these efforts, it is important to catalog, from widely dispersed sources, the toxicology information that is available. The main objective of this analysis is to define a list of environmental chemicals that are candidates for the U.S. EPA screening and prioritization process, and to catalog the available toxicology information. Data sources We are developing ACToR (Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource), which combines information for hundreds of thousands of chemicals from > 200 public sources, including the U.S. EPA, National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Administration, corresponding agencies in Canada, Europe, and Japan, and academic sources. Data extraction ACToR contains chemical structure information; physical–chemical properties; in vitro assay data; tabular in vivo data; summary toxicology calls (e.g., a statement that a chemical is considered to be a human carcinogen); and links to online toxicology summaries. Here, we use data from ACToR to assess the toxicity data landscape for environmental chemicals. Data synthesis We show results for a set of 9,912 environmental chemicals being considered for analysis as part of the U.S. EPA ToxCast screening and prioritization program. These include high-and medium-production-volume chemicals, pesticide active and inert ingredients, and drinking water contaminants. Conclusions Approximately two-thirds of these chemicals have at least limited toxicity summaries available. About one-quarter have been assessed in at least one highly curated toxicology evaluation database such as the U.S. EPA Toxicology Reference Database, U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System, and the National Toxicology Program.
Subfields: Computational Theory and Mathematics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
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Citations in the corpus
- The exposure data landscape for manufactured chemicals. (2012, background): “…toxicology evaluation (e.g., National Toxicology Program, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)) was unavailable for about three-quarters, and even limited toxicity information is lacking for one-third (Judson et al., 2009).”
- Profiling the reproductive toxicity of chemicals from multigeneration studies in the toxicity reference database. (2009, methodology): “Effects were selected based on an occurrence in five or more chemicals, which was level shown to have minimal predictive capability based on a simulation study performed by Judson et al. (2008a).”